Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat hydrocephalus by creating a new pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage within the brain. During ETV, a neurosurgeon uses an endoscope to access the brain's ventricles and create an opening to allow CSF to flow freely, reducing intracranial pressure. ETV can often eliminate the need for a permanent CSF shunt.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV):

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat certain cases of hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles. During ETV, a neurosurgeon uses an endoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a camera at its tip, to access the third ventricle of the brain. A small opening is then created in the floor of the third ventricle to allow CSF to flow freely, bypassing any obstructions that may be present. This procedure helps to alleviate the increased intracranial pressure associated with hydrocephalus and can often eliminate the need for a CSF shunt.Symptoms of Hydrocephalus:

Hydrocephalus can manifest with a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity and may include:

Headaches: Often described as persistent and severe, especially in the morning.

Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms may accompany headaches.

Vision Changes: Blurred or double vision, loss of peripheral vision, or other visual disturbances.

Balance and Coordination Issues: Difficulty walking or maintaining balance.

Cognitive Impairment: Memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and changes in cognitive function.

Irritability and Personality Changes: Behavioral changes, such as irritability or mood swings.

Incontinence: Loss of bladder control or frequent urination.

Drowsiness or Lethargy: Excessive sleepiness and lack of alertness.

Infants: In infants, signs can include an enlarged head, bulging fontanelle (soft spot), and poor feeding.

It's important to note that these symptoms can be indicative of various other medical conditions as well. If someone is experiencing symptoms of hydrocephalus, a thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider is essential to determine the underlying cause and the most appropriate treatment, which may include ETV or other interventions. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes in hydrocephalus cases.